Semiconductor Assignment Help
In modern electronics semiconductors play very important role. In microprocessors chip and transistors it behaves like a heart. The things which are computerized or use radio waves are need semiconductor.Now days, with silicon many semiconductor chips are manufactured. Transistors are also created by silicon. In electronic world we heard—
Silicon Valley and silicon economy.
In any electronic device Silicon play very momentous role. Silicon is a very common contributing factor; it is present in sand and quartz like a main factor. Most semiconductors are made with silicon because it is economic and found in large amount in nature. Simplest possible semiconductor device is called diode
Semiconductors have different characteristics property with metals. it will decrease electrical resistivity when we will increasing temperature .By doping we can manipulate the behavior of semiconductor material.
Doping:-
It is defined as “
the Addition of impurities in semiconductor materials.”
The theory of semiconductors is based on principle of quantum physics.Conduction of current in semiconductors created by holes and free electrons, they are known as charge carriers. We can increase the quantity of charge carriers with the help of doping. There are two types of semiconductor-
P-type: doped semiconductor consist excess amount of holes
N-type: doped semiconductor consist excess amount of electrons
Semiconductors are the base material for modern electronics, radio, telephone and computer.In periodic table, in group IV certain pure elements are semiconductors. Silicon and germanium are the most commercial element.
“Intrinsic” term is used for pure semiconductor. “Extrinsic” term is used for doped semiconductors.
Crystalline solids are very common semiconductor material.Semiconductors should have predictable and reliable electronics properties.
Chemical purity of a material should be extremely high because a small proportion of an impurity can have great effect on semiconductor material. A crystalline perfection is required in very high manner. It is because imperfection of crystalline will create a major cause of defect in semiconductor. Heterojunction is a process between different semiconductor materials to manufacturing a semiconductor device.
In Czochralski process we can achieve high purity semiconductor including growing the crystals. Zone refining is another process for increasing purity. Solid crystal is melted in zone refining. An extrinsic semiconductor has a different electrical property than an intrinsic semiconductor. Doping agents are different in both type of semiconductor.
By the process of doping we can change the intrinsic semiconductor to an extrinsic semiconductor. During doping procedure impurity atoms are inserting to an intrinsic semiconductor material. These impurity atoms are different elements atoms than the intrinsic materials atoms. These atoms are work as either donor or acceptor. they will change the hole and electron concentration of a semiconductor material. Impurity atoms are called donor are acceptor depend on their effect on intrinsic semiconductor material.
To semiconductor conduction band, Donor impurities will donate extra valence electrons .they will provide excess electrons to intrinsic material.
In n-type semiconductor excess electron will increase the electron carrier concentration.
In p-type semiconductor excess hole will increase the hole carrier concentration.
Uses of Extrinsic semiconductors are most common in many common electric devices.
Use of extrinsic semiconductor:
Thyristor, laser, solar cell, light emitting diode, photo detectors.
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